WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE? Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a synthetic, green-yellow gas with a chlorine-like irritating odor. It is a neutral chlorine compound and is vastly different from elemental chlorine both in its chemical structure and its behavior. Chlorine dioxide is a small, volatile, and very strong molecule. When diluted in water…

Water is tested or analyzed to determine the level or concentration of impurities which may contribute to corrosion, deposits, or other undesirable reactions. The analysis is also done to measure the level of corrective treatments being applied to the system. We must, therefore, decide which impurities are significant and in need of control and which…

OverviewOver the years, we’ve come to expect our water source to be safe, convenient, and inexpensive.  After all, our municipal water treatment plant just pumps it from the ground or from a river, puts a little chlorine in it, and sends it on…right? Wrong. Water, when it comes to using in our taps, is a manufactured…

Water Treatment is Key to Maintaining Boiler EfficiencyBoiler or steam production is one of the most advanced applications for water treatment technology. Boiler system operators and engineers strive for the highest efficiency possible from their equipment, and they have learned that poor water quality has a direct impact on boiler efficiency and longevity. Some boilers…

What is a Diaphragm Pump?Simply speaking, a diaphragm is a separating membrane. In the water treatment industry, however, a diaphragm simply refers to the elastic membrane part on a pump or pressure gauge that is used to separate the mechanical section from the liquid. A diaphragm pump is a type of volumetric pump. Part of the pump chamber comprises an…

OverviewA closed loop water system is one in which the water is recirculated in a closed loop without evaporation or exposure to the atmosphere. The only make-up water normally needed is replace water loss from leakage at pump seals, expansion tank overflow, or surface evaporation from system vents. Many times, these systems are neglected since leaks…

HARD WATER BASICS Hard Water is water that has a high mineral content.  This consists of high levels of metal ions, mainly calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the form of carbonates, but many include several other metals as well as bicarbonates and sulfates.  It is not generally dangerous.  The simplest way to determine if water…

What are Lagoon Systems?  Lagoons are pond-like bodies of water or basins designed to receive, hold, and treat wastewater for a predetermined period. In the lagoon, wastewater is treated through a combination of physical, biological, and chemical processes. Much of the treatment occurs naturally, but some systems use aeration devices to add oxygen to the wastewater. Lagoons can be…

INTRODUCTIONThe most significant contributors to boiler waterside corrosion are dissolved oxygen, acid, or caustic in the water and high temperature  If any of these are uncontrolled, severe pitting, gouging, and embrittling of the tube metal can occur and lead to failure. A good understanding of the mechanisms and control of these factors is extremely important. WHY…